Estudo Epidemiológico das Internações por Embolia e Trombose Arteriais no Brasil, entre 2019 e 2023

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Arterial embolism and thrombosis are serious cardiovascular conditions characterized by obstruction of blood vessels, which can lead to heart attacks and ischemic strokes. This study analyzes hospitalizations due to these diseases in Brazil between 2019 and 2023, highlighting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and regional inequalities, reinforcing the importance of effective prevention and treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to quantify and analyze the rates of hospitalizations due to arterial embolism and thrombosis in Brazil. METHODOLOGY: The retrospective study with a quantitative approach used data from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), provided by the SUS Information Technology Department (TABNET/DATASUS). The analysis covered hospitalizations for arterial embolism and thrombosis in Brazil from January 2019 to December 2023, using descriptive statistics and tabulation in Microsoft Excel 2016 and Microsoft Word 10 spreadsheets. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The data indicate a general increase in hospitalizations for arterial embolism and thrombosis in Brazil between 2019 and 2023, peaking in 2022 (26,385 cases). The Southeast region had the highest absolute number of hospitalizations (55,732), followed by the South (30,278) and Northeast (26,892) regions. The North (2,677) and Central-West (7,300) regions had smaller numbers, but gradually increasing, reflecting advances in detection and medical care. CONCLUSION: Therefore, between 2019 and 2023, hospitalizations due to arterial embolism and thrombosis increased, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Southeast region concentrated most cases, while the North and Central-West regions showed growth. The slight decrease in 2023 suggests stabilization, but the high number of cases reinforces the need for prevention, early diagnosis and better infrastructure, especially in vulnerable regions.