Photodynamic therapies in the control of post-surgical infections: literature review

Abstract

Post-surgical infections are a frequent and worrying complication in different health specialties, and can compromise therapeutic success and prolong patient recovery time. In this context, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been studied as an alternative or adjuvant to conventional treatment, due to its effective antimicrobial action and low induction of bacterial resistance. PDT combines a photosensitizer, specific wavelength light and molecular oxygen to generate reactive species capable of destroying microorganisms. This study aimed to review the scientific literature on the application of PDT in the control of post-surgical infections, identifying its efficacy, protocols used and limitations. A search was performed in the MEDLINE databases via PubMed, LILACS and Virtual Health Library (BVS), using descriptors such as “Photodynamic Therapy”, “Post-Surgical Infection” and “Infection Control”. Articles available in full, published in English, Portuguese or Spanish, focusing on the proposed theme were included. The selected studies demonstrated that PDT promotes a significant reduction in microbial load, especially in infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. The most commonly used photosensitizers were methylene blue, toluidine blue and curcumin, activated by LEDs or lasers. Clinical application has been observed in dental, dermatological and orthopedic surgeries, with reports of improved healing and reduced use of antibiotics. Most studies have also demonstrated the safety of the method, with minimal side effects. It is concluded that PDT represents a promising strategy for controlling postoperative infections, contributing to reducing dependence on antibiotics and combating microbial resistance. However, further clinical studies with standardized protocols are needed to consolidate its use in clinical practice in a broad and safe manner.