Evolução Temporal e Perfil Epidemiológico da Incidência, Mortalidade e Letalidade do Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio no Brasil (2008-2024): Um Estudo Transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2025v7n5p1695-1712Palavras-chave:
Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio, Incidência, Mortalidade, LetalidadeResumo
INTRODUÇÃO: O Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio (IAM) é caracterizado pela necrose miocárdica decorrente de isquemia aguda. No Brasil, destaca-se como uma das principais causas de internação e óbitos, com elevado custo e disparidades sociodemográficas, especialmente entre homens pardos e idosos. OBJETIVO: Definir a evolução temporal das taxas de incidência, mortalidade e letalidade do IAM no Brasil entre 2008 e 2024, estratificando os dados por sexo e faixa etária (adultos e idosos). METODOLOGIA: Estudo quantitativo descritivo de corte transversal, utilizando dados secundários do DATASUS e projeções populacionais do IBGE. As taxas foram calculadas e representadas por gráficos de linha e barras no Microsoft Excel 2019. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Entre 2008 e 2024, foram registrados 1.910.231 casos de IAM e 199.947 óbitos (letalidade de 10,47%). Observou-se um aumento progressivo da incidência (com incremento acentuado a partir de 2014) e uma elevação gradual da mortalidade, enquanto a letalidade reduziu de aproximadamente 40% para 30%. Homens apresentaram maior incidência (68,6/100 mil) em relação às mulheres (38,0/100 mil), embora a letalidade seja mais alta nas mulheres (13,7% vs. 9,9%). As taxas aumentaram expressivamente com o avanço da idade, principalmente a partir dos 50 anos. Os achados sugerem que o aumento da incidência reflete o envelhecimento populacional e a maior prevalência de fatores de risco, aliado a melhorias na detecção diagnóstica. A redução da letalidade indica avanços na assistência cardiovascular, especialmente no diagnóstico precoce, terapias de reperfusão e manejo clínico. As disparidades entre os sexos e faixas etárias enfatizam a necessidade de abordagens específicas para grupos com desfechos desfavoráveis. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar das limitações do uso de dados secundários, os resultados destacam a necessidade de aprimorar a vigilância epidemiológica e incentivar estudos futuros com múltiplas fontes de dados para melhor compreender e enfrentar o IAM no Brasil.
Downloads
Referências
BRASIL. INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA (IBGE). Projeções da População. IBGE. Brasília, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/populacao/9109-projecao-da-populacao.html. Acesso em: 23 mar. 2025.
BRASIL. MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE. DEPARTAMENTO DE INFORMÁTICA DO SUS (DATASUS). SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÕES HOSPITALARES (SIH). TabNet Win32 3.3: Morbidade Hospitalar do SUS - por local de internação - Brasil. DATASUS. Brasília, c2025. Disponível em: http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?sih/cnv/niuf.def. Acesso em: 23 mar. 2025.
BRASIL. MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE. CONSELHO NACIONAL DE SAÚDE. Resolução 466, de 12 de dezembro de 2012. Dispõe sobre diretrizes e normas regulamentadoras de pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. Brasília, 2012. Disponível em: https://conselho.saude.gov.br/resolucoes/2012/Reso466.pdf. Acesso em: 23 mar. 2025.
BARBAYANNIS, G. et al. Relation Between Statewide Hospital Performance Reports on Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Outcomes. American Journal of Cardiology, v. 123, n. 10, p. 1587–1594, 15 maio 2019.
BARELLA, Y. et al. Quantitative Methods in Scientific Research. Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi dan Humaniora, v. 15, n. 1, p. 281–287, 22 mar. 2024.
BIERER, B. E. et al. Advancing the inclusion of underrepresented women in clinical research. Cell Reports Medicine, v. 3, n. 4, 19 abr. 2022.
BIERER, B. E.; MELONEY, L. G. Strategies to optimize inclusion of women in multi-national clinical trials. Contemporary Clinical Trials, v. 117, p. 106770, 1 jun. 2022.
BIRNBACH, B.; HÖPNER, J.; MIKOLAJCZYK, R. Cardiac symptom attribution and knowledge of the symptoms of acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, v. 20, n. 1, p. 445, dez. 2020.
BOCCOLINI, C. S.; JUNIOR, P. R. B. DE S. Inequities in Healthcare utilization: results of the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013. International Journal for Equity in Health, v. 15, n. 1, p. 150, 17 nov. 2016.
CARVALHO, L. A. D. Sociodemographic Profile of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil (2010-2019). International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences, v. 36, p. e20210275, 5 maio 2023.
CHANDRASEKHAR, J.; GILL, A.; MEHRAN, R. Acute myocardial infarction in young women: current perspectives. International Journal of Women’s Health, v. 10, p. 267–284, 7 jun. 2018.
CHAULIN, A. M.; DUPLYAKOV, D. V. Mécanismes d’augmentation et rôle diagnostique des troponines hautement sensibles dans l’hypertension artérielle. Annales de Cardiologie et d’Angéiologie, v. 71, n. 2, p. 99–106, 1 abr. 2022.
D’AGOSTINO, R. B. An omnibus test of normality for moderate and large size samples. Biometrika, v. 58, n. 2, p. 341–348, 1 ago. 1971.
DENG, D. et al. Robust integration of secondary outcomes information into primary outcome analysis in the presence of missing data. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, v. 33, n. 7, p. 1249–1263, 1 jul. 2024.
DIATTA, I. D.; BERCHTOLD, A. Impact of missing information on day-to-day research based on secondary data. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, v. 26, n. 6, p. 759–772, 2 nov. 2023.
DUARTE, F. et al. ACUTE ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN OBESE HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS – CAN WE CONSIDER A DIFFERENT APPROACH? Journal of Hypertension, v. 40, n. Suppl 1, p. e143, jun. 2022.
ERRERA, L. I. et al. MORTALITY RATE FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (AMI) IN BRAZIL IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE LAST 5 YEARS (2016-2021). Revista Contemporânea, v. 4, n. 2, p. e3168–e3168, 16 fev. 2024.
FIREMAN KRAMER, R. A Overview of Descriptive Research. Journal of the Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses, v. 2, n. 2, p. 41–45, 1 jul. 1985.
GAO, H. et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Men Under 50 Years of Age: Clinical Characteristics, Treatment, and Long-Term Prognosis. International Journal of General Medicine, v. 14, p. 9321–9331, 4 dez. 2021.
GARGANEEVA, A. A. et al. Portrait of the patient with myocardial infarction over a 30-year period. Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal), n. Russian Journal, p. 641–647, 1 jan. 2018.
HALL, J. E. et al. Obesity and Hypertension. Em: Handbook of Obesity, Two-Volume Set. 5. ed. [s.l.] CRC Press, 2024.
HSIAO, J. J. et al. Accelerated diagnostic protocols using high-sensitivity troponin assays to rule in or out myocardial infarction: A systematic review. JEM Reports, v. 3, n. 2, p. 100086, 1 jun. 2024.
HU, Z. et al. Association Between Functional Limitations and Incident Cardiovascular Diseases and All-Cause Mortality Among the Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Frontiers in Public Health, v. 10, 11 fev. 2022.
HUBERT, M.; VANDERVIEREN, E. An adjusted boxplot for skewed distributions. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, v. 52, n. 12, p. 5186–5201, 15 ago. 2008.
IBRAHIM, A. W.; RIDDELL, T. C.; DEVIREDDY, C. M. Acute Myocardial Infarction. Critical Care Clinics, v. 30, n. 3, p. 341–364, 1 jul. 2014.
JURLANDER, B. et al. “Mirror-lake” serial relationship of electrocardiographic and biochemical indices for the detection of reperfusion and the prediction of salvage in patients with acute myocardial infarction. American Heart Journal, v. 146, n. 5, p. 757–763, 1 nov. 2003.
KAWAMOTO, K. R.; DAVIS, M. B.; DUVERNOY, C. S. Acute Coronary Syndromes: Differences in Men and Women. Current Atherosclerosis Reports, v. 18, n. 12, p. 73, 2 nov. 2016.
KRÄMER, C. et al. Epidemiological trends in mortality, event rates and case fatality of acute myocardial infarction from 2004 to 2015: results from the KORA MI registry. Annals of Medicine, v. 53, n. 1, p. 2142–2152, 1 jan. 2021.
LAGOAS POHLE, C. et al. Young patients with acute myocardial infarction: early screening is warranted. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, v. 31, n. Supplement_1, p. zwae175.091, 1 jun. 2024.
LECUBE, A. Impacto de la obesidad y la diabetes en la salud y en la enfermedad cardiovascular. Atención Primaria, v. 56, n. 12, p. 103045, 1 dez. 2024.
LOMBARDI, F. et al. The decline of rate and mortality of acute myocardial infarction. Almost there, still a long way to go. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, v. 25, n. 10, p. 1028–1030, 1 jul. 2018.
LOUGHRAN, J. et al. The Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit—An Evolving Model for Health Care Delivery. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, v. 32, n. 2, p. 116–123, 1 fev. 2017.
MATOS, S. D. A. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ADMISSIONS FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN THE STATE OF PIAUÍ FROM 2014 TO 2023. International Journal of Health Science, v. 4, n. 74, p. 2–8, 8 ago. 2024.
MNATZAGANIAN, G. et al. Sex differences in in-hospital mortality following a first acute myocardial infarction: symptomatology, delayed presentation, and hospital setting. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, v. 16, n. 1, p. 109, 26 maio 2016.
NEWBY, L. K. Reconciling Systems for Acute Myocardial Infarction Definition and Coding Classification. Clinical Chemistry, v. 63, n. 1, p. 24–26, 1 jan. 2017.
NISHIYAMA, S. et al. Trends in Coronary Risk Factors Among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Over the Last Decade: The Yamagata AMI Registry. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, v. 17, n. 9, p. 989–998, 2010.
PRATAMA, R. et al. Kenyamanan Warga Belajar Paket C di Sanggar Kegiatan Belajar (SKB) Kota Pekanbaru. Journal of Education Religion Humanities and Multidiciplinary, v. 2, n. 1, p. 220–228, 1 jun. 2024.
PRISCILLA, P.; COŢE, I. A.; POPESCU, M. I. Acute Coronary Syndromes in the Elderly: Impact of Age on Diagnosis and Terapeutic Management. Internal Medicine, v. 16, n. 1, p. 59–66, 1 jan. 2019.
QIN, Y. et al. Impact of multimorbidity on risk stratification and prognosis in elderly patients after acute myocardial infarction. Journal of Thoracic Disease, v. 16, n. 10, 31 out. 2024.
RESENDE, M. S. DE A. B. et al. Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade materna por doenças hipertensivas gestacionais no Brasil e em Sergipe, de 2010-2020 / Epidemiological profile of maternal mortality from gestational hypertensive diseases in Brazil and Sergipe, 2010-2020. Brazilian Journal of Development, v. 8, n. 6, p. 48365–48377, 29 jun. 2022.
REXRODE, K. M. et al. Sex Hormone Levels and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Postmenopausal Women. Circulation, v. 108, n. 14, p. 1688–1693, 7 out. 2003.
SCHAPIRA, M. et al. EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INTERVENTIONAL PROGRAM TO REDUCE RE-ADMISSION RATES ACUTE CARE OF THE ELDERLY. Innovation in Aging, v. 1, n. suppl_1, p. 52, 1 jul. 2017.
SHARMA, A. et al. Global Awareness of Myocardial Infarction Symptoms in General Population: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Korean Circulation Journal, v. 51, n. 12, p. 983, 2021.
SINGH, P. et al. Obesity, Body Composition, and Sex Hormones: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk. Em: Comprehensive Physiology. [s.l.] John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2021. p. 2949–2993.
SINHA, A. et al. Untwisting healthcare access disparities: A comprehensive analysis of demographic, socio-economic and racial disparities impacting patient outcomes in myocardial infarction patients. Current Problems in Cardiology, v. 49, n. 6, p. 102512, 1 jun. 2024.
STEVENS, B. et al. The Economic Burden of Heart Conditions in Brazil. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, v. 111, p. 29–36, jul. 2018.
TEO, Y. N. et al. Young female acute myocardial infarction patients have worse all-cause mortality compared to males: insights from a national myocardial infarction registry. European Heart Journal, v. 45, n. Supplement_1, p. ehae666.1308, 28 out. 2024.
VÁZQUEZ-OLIVA, G. et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction Population Incidence and Mortality Rates, and 28-day Case-fatality in Older Adults. The REGICOR Study. Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition), v. 71, n. 9, p. 718–725, 1 set. 2018.
WANG, C. et al. Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Their Interactions in the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with Different Weight Levels, 2013–2018. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, v. Volume 14, p. 4253–4262, out. 2021.
WANG, X.; CHENG, Z. Cross-Sectional Studies: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Recommendations. CHEST, v. 158, n. 1, p. S65–S71, 1 jul. 2020.
WERESKI, R. et al. Risk factors for type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction. European Heart Journal, v. 43, n. 2, p. 127–135, 7 jan. 2022.
WINDLE, P. E. Secondary Data Analysis: Is It Useful and Valid? Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, v. 25, n. 5, p. 322–324, 1 out. 2010.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Tarcisio Gomes Leite, João Pedro Alves Nascimento, Gabriel Brenno Costa Barreto Cardoso , João Eduardo Nunes Gomes, Andressa Francielle Neves Gonçalves, Isadora Tomich Monteiro de Araújo, Alessandra Isabella Coelho Santos Monteiro, Vitor Neri Donato de Barros, Marlizon Gonçalves Mendes, Laura Benevides Nascimento, Karen Josefa Damasceno Santana, Carlos Márcio Bomfim Cardoso
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os autores são detentores dos direitos autorais mediante uma licença CCBY 4.0.
