Treatment of permanent maxillary central impaction: a case report.
PDF (Português (Brasil))

Keywords

mixed dentition
impacted tooth
anodontia

How to Cite

Hassegawa, J. C. S., Ferreira, M. F., & Mendonça, M. R. de. (2025). Treatment of permanent maxillary central impaction: a case report. Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences, 7(5), 1495–1508. https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2025v7n5p1495-1508

Abstract

The 2x4 appliance consists of using four brackets to the anterior teeth (upper or lower), accompanied by two tubes on the molars, which can be fixed directly or inserted into orthodontic bands. This technique allows efficient correction of malocclusions during mixed dentition, such as aligning poorly positioned permanent teeth, correcting anterior crossbite, controlling tooth inclination and rotation, and reducing overbite. When carried out with adequate theoretical and practical knowledge, the method is effective and agile, but can lead to complications if poorly executed. An essential precaution is to monitor the position of the roots of the upper permanent lateral incisors to avoid contact with the crown of the erupting upper permanent canine, preventing root resorption. This case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of an 11-year-old female patient with impaction of the upper permanent central incisor (11), a common anomaly in the mixed dentition. Initially, a ulectomy was performed and the impacted tooth was pulled with nickel-titanium wires and a bonding button. The 2x4 method was used to align and level the anterior teeth, favoring the repositioning of the impacted element in the arch. The treatment was successfully completed, restoring aesthetics and function, and demonstrating the effectiveness of the 2x4 method as a conservative and efficient approach to correcting anterior crossbite and traction of impacted incisors.

https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2025v7n5p1495-1508
PDF (Português (Brasil))

References

Seehra J, Yaqoob O, Patel S, O'Neill J, Bryant C, Noar J, Morris D, Cobourne M T. National clinical guidelines for the management of unerupted maxillary incisors in children. Br Dent J. 2018 May; 224(10): 779–785. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.361.

Peng Y, Zhen Z, Qi H, Li M, Xiong H, Chen K. The design and clinical application of a new appliance to treat impacted maxillary central incisors. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2023 Mar; 47(2): 40–49. doi: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.010.

Tan C, Ekambaram M, Yiu CKY. Prevalence, characteristic features, and complications associated with the occurrence of unerupted permanent incisors. PloS one. 2018 Jun; 13(6): e0199501. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199501

Meade MJ, Dreyer CW. Eruption disturbances in the mixed dentition: orthodontic considerations for primary dental care. Aust Dent J. 2022 Mar; 67 Suppl 1(Suppl 1): S14–S23. doi: 10.1111/adj.12931.

Seehra J, DiBiase AT, Patel S, Stephens R, Littlewood SJ, Spencer RJ, Frawley T, Benson PE, Ireland AJ, Parvizi F, Atack N, Kidner G, Wojewodka G, Ward C, Papageorgiou SN, Newton JT, Cobourne MT. Study protocol for the management of impacted maxillary central incisors: a multicentre randomised clinical trial: the iMAC Trial. Trials. 2022 Sep; 23(1): 787. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06711-0.

Seehra J, Mortaja K, Wazwaz F, Papageorgiou SN, Newton JT, Cobourne MT. Interventions to facilitate the successful eruption of impacted maxillary incisor teeth due to the presence of a supernumerary: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2023 May; 163(5): 594–608. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.01.004.

Chaushu S, Becker T, Becker A. Impacted central incisors: factors affecting prognosis and treatment duration. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015 Mar; 147(3): 355–362. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.11.019.

Yordanova G, Gurgurova G. Impacted upper central incisors: frequency and factors complicating the treatment protocol. Folia Med. 2021 Jun; 63(3): 405–412. doi: 10.3897/folmed.63.e55145.

Sfeir E, Gholmieh M, Skaf Z, Mourad A. Alveolar Bone and Epithelial Attachment Status following Two Different Closed-eruption Surgical Techniques for Impacted Maxillary Central Incisors. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2018; 11(4): 317–322. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1532.

Allareddy V, Caplin J, Markiewicz MR, Meara DJ. Orthodontic and Surgical Considerations for Treating Impacted Teeth. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2020 Feb; 32(1): 15–26. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2019.08.005.

Lygidakis NN, Chatzidimitriou K, Theologie-Lygidakis N, Lygidakis NA. Εvaluation of a treatment protocol for unerupted maxillary central incisors: retrospective clinical study of 46 children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2015 Apr; 16(2): 153–164. doi: 10.1007/s40368-014-0150-z.

Rizzatto SM, de Menezes LM, Allgayer S, Batista EL, Jr Freitas MP, Loro RC. Orthodontically induced eruption of a horizontally impacted maxillary central incisor. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013 Jul; 144(1): 119–129. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.08.028.

Ho KH, Liao YF. Pre-treatment radiographic features predict root resorption of treated impacted maxillary central incisors. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2012 Aug; 15(3): 198–205. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2012.01545.x.

Sant'Anna EF, Marquezan M, Sant'Anna CF. Impacted incisors associated with supernumerary teeth treated with a modified Haas appliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012 Dec;142(6):863-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.07.030. PMID: 23195372.

Ayers E, Kennedy D, Wiebe C. Clinical recommendations for management of mesiodens and unerupted permanent maxillary central incisors. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2025 Juliana Carolina Sousa Hassegawa, Mayra Fernanda Ferreira, Marcos Rogério de Mendonça

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
1 1