Clinical Characterization, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Meigs' Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

Introduction: Meigs' Syndrome is a rare condition characterized by a benign ovarian tumor, ascites, and pleural effusion, with remission of symptoms following tumor removal. It primarily affects postmenopausal women and can be mistaken for ovarian malignancies. Objective: To identify and analyze the clinical manifestations of Meigs' Syndrome and the most effective diagnostic and treatment strategies. Methodology: A qualitative methodology was employed, following the PRISMA model, reviewing 11 relevant studies published between 2020 and 2024 in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Results: In addition to the classic triad, manifestations such as dyspnea, dry cough, and abdominal distention, are commonly present in patients diagnosed with this syndrome. Patients often present with elevated CA-125 marker levels, leading to confusion with ovarian malignancies. Imaging tests like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are essential; however, the diagnosis is confirmed through postoperative histopathology. Conclusion: Management of Meigs' Syndrome focuses on the surgical removal of the ovarian tumor, which rapidly resolves symptoms. This approach should be individualized, especially for patients desiring to preserve fertility.