Sialolitíase e alterações patológicas das glândulas salivares: uma abordagem estomatológica – Revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Salivary glands perform essential functions in the stomatognathic system, such as oral lubrication, initiation of digestion and protection against microorganisms. Sialolithiasis, characterized by the formation of sialoliths in the ducts or glandular parenchyma predominantly in the submandibular gland, stands out for its high prevalence and clinical impact, generating pain, edema and recurrent infections.Objectives:
To compile and critically analyze the scientific evidence on sialolithiasis, focusing on its etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis from a stomatological perspective.Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted through searches in PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, BVS, LILACS, and SpringerLink databases, including studies published between 2010 and 2025. The descriptors “Sialolithiasis”, “Salivary Glands”, “Salivary Gland Diseases”, “Oral Diagnosis” and “Stomatology” were used, combined with Boolean operators. After screening and critical reading, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Sialolithiasis has a multifactorial etiology, including anatomical, biochemical, and infectious factors. Diagnosis is primarily clinical and radiographic, with sialendoscopy highlighted as a minimally invasive technique. Treatment ranges from conservative approaches to surgical procedures, and prevention relies on proper hydration and oral hygiene. The stomatologist plays a crucial role in early diagnosis and effective management of the condition.