Acute Viral Bronchiolitis: An Updated Approach to Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prophylaxis with Emphasis on Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Abstract

The aim of this article is to examine the manifestations of acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) and discuss appropriate therapeutic approaches for its management. AVB is a common respiratory disease in children under two years of age, characterized by inflammation of the bronchioles and mainly affecting the lower airways. Its symptoms include coughing, wheezing, difficulty breathing, and fever. In most cases, bronchiolitis is caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and, although it generally follows a self-limiting course, it can lead to severe complications, particularly in premature infants or those with pre-existing medical conditions. Treatment primarily involves supportive measures such as hydration, monitoring of breathing, and, in more severe cases, hospitalization. A proper understanding of AVB is essential to prevent complications and permanent lung damage, ensuring effective disease management by healthcare professionals.