USE OF SALIVA AS A NON-INVASIVE BIOMARKER IN THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES: FOCUS ON ALZHEIMER'S AND PARKINSON'S

Abstract

The early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, represents a significant clinical and social challenge. This study investigates saliva as a promising biological matrix for the identification of non-invasive biomarkers, highlighting its accessibility, ease of collection, and low cost. Salivary analysis has proven effective in detecting proteins such as beta-amyloid, tau, and alpha-synuclein, which are directly associated with the pathogenesis of these conditions. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the article explores the clinical applicability, methodological limitations, and technological advancements related to the use of saliva as a diagnostic tool. The need for standardization of laboratory methods, robust scientific validation, and consideration of ethical and social aspects related to its use are emphasized. It is concluded that, when appropriately integrated into public health protocols, saliva can represent a significant advancement in the early screening and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases, facilitating early interventions and improving the quality of life for patients.