Effects of Vitamin B12 Deficiency on Memory

Abstract

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient for neurological and hematological metabolism, playing crucial roles in DNA synthesis, myelin sheath formation, and homocysteine regulation. Found primarily in animal-derived foods such as meat, eggs, and dairy products, its deficiency is frequently associated with cognitive disorders, including memory loss and reversible dementia, particularly in the elderly. This article explores the relationship between B12 deficiency and memory impairment, highlighting the involved pathophysiological mechanisms, such as neuronal demyelination and impaired synaptic transmission. Additionally, diagnostic, treatment, and prevention strategies are discussed, with emphasis on vitamin supplementation and laboratory monitoring. It is concluded that B12 deficiency represents a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, underscoring the need for greater clinical attention and early intervention in vulnerable populations.