A Importância do Odontolegista Na Identificação Forense: Uma Revisão De Literatura

Abstract

Forensic dentistry plays a fundamental role in human identification, especially in contexts where traditional methods such as fingerprint analysis or facial recognition are not feasible. Situations such as mass disasters, charring, advanced decomposition or mutilations require alternative techniques that guarantee accurate individualization. This study aims to carry out a systematic review of the literature on the role of the dental examiner in forensic identification, with an emphasis on contemporary methods such as virtopsy, artificial intelligence, palatal rugoscopy, cheiloscopy, bite analysis and the comparison of ante and post-mortem dental records. Virtopsy, a technique that uses three-dimensional imaging exams such as computed tomography, allows for a minimally invasive approach to analyzing bodies, preserving evidence for future investigations. Artificial intelligence has been applied to the automated analysis of dental data, increasing precision and reducing response times in forensic investigations. Palate rugoscopy and cheiloscopy analyse unique anatomical patterns of the palate and lips, respectively, helping to individualize the individual. Bite analysis, although controversial, is still used in specific cases, especially when there are marks on the victim's tissues. The comparison of dental records continues to be one of the pillars of forensic identification, especially in the case of the victim.