Postoperative pain in colorectal cancer: Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block.

Abstract

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death globally, being the third most diagnosed type of cancer, highlighting the necessity of effective postoperative management to minimize pain and accelerate recovery. The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is an alternative that provides pain relief by blocking thoracoabdominal nerves. Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of TAP in reducing postoperative pain and opioid consumption in colorectal cancer surgery. Methodology: A systematic search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library, selecting studies published between 2020 and 2024. The PRISMA model was applied for the identification, selection, and analysis of the studies. Results: Eight studies were analyzed that demonstrate TAP significantly reduces opioid consumption and improves postoperative recovery. The results indicated less pain in the first 24 hours, better intestinal recovery, and early mobilization. Furthermore, the safety profile of TAP was favorable, with fewer adverse events. Conclusion: TAP is effective for postoperative pain management, reducing opioid consumption and favoring a faster recovery with fewer complications. Multimodal strategies that include TAP can further optimize these outcomes.