Oropharyngeal Mucositis in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Antineoplastic Therapy

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer is a major public health problem in Brazil and is among the leading causes of death in children and adolescents. Cancer treatment, although essential, can trigger complications such as oral mucositis (OM), which seriously affects quality of life due to severe pain, feeding difficulties and risk of infections. Objective: To identify, in the scientific literature, non-pharmacological strategies for the prevention and management of oropharyngeal mucositis in pediatric patients undergoing antineoplastic therapy. Method: This is a theoretical-reflective review of a qualitative and descriptive nature. Studies published in the last five years, focusing on pediatric patients (0 to 18 years) and measures for the prevention and management of mucositis were used. The search was conducted in the Medline, BDENF and LILACS databases, using controlled descriptors combined by Boolean operators. Articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish were included. Results and Discussion: Mucositis affects 30% to 75% of children undergoing cancer treatment, being more prevalent in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Factors such as rapid cell turnover of the oral mucosa and immunological immaturity contribute to its severity. Non-pharmacological preventive strategies include the application of topical antimicrobial agents, bioadhesive gels, probiotics, oral cryotherapy, and health education. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) stands out as an effective intervention in reducing inflammation, relieving pain, and accelerating healing, promoting improved quality of life. Conclusion: Oral mucositis is a serious complication in pediatric oncology patients, impacting their nutritional, psychological, and clinical status. Prevention and management through non-pharmacological strategies, such as LLLT, cryotherapy, and educational programs, have proven effective. The importance of multidisciplinary care and the need for further research to strengthen therapeutic options in the pediatric oncology context are highlighted.