Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic caused the disease to spread rapidly across all continents and spread various positive and negative information, which circulated or circulated on the internet, presenting different content. The objective of this study is to inform the population about the Fake News approach and the spread of misinformation and the challenges that public health faces. Studies were carried out from secondary sources, through bibliographic research in scientific databases, in the time window from 2021 to 2023, with the most recent and compatible articles prevailing. Eleven complete and published articles were found, related to vaccination against Covid-19, Fake News associated with the vaccination process and the influence on the population's adherence to immunizations in the context of public health. The Covid-19 pandemic, which was characterized by the acute respiratory syndrome popularly known as SARS-CoV-2, which resulted in several deaths due to lack of vaccination and also generated the infodemic and misinformation pandemic, where society began to discredit science and credibility it had.
References
ALBURQUERQUE, T.R., MACEDO, L.F.R., OLIVEIRA, E.G., NETO, M.L.R. & MENEZES, I.R.A. Vaccination for COVID-19 in children: Denialism or misinformation? Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 64, 141–142, 2022.
ANJOS, A.S.M., CASAM, P.C. & MAIA, J.S. As fakes news e seus impactos na saúde da sociedade. Pub Saúde. 2021;5:a141.
BANGALLE, A. & BANGALLE, V. Fake news and fallacies: Exploring vaccine hesitancy in South Africa. South African Family Practice, 63 (1), 1-13, 2021.
DENECKE, K., KRIECK, M., OTRUSINA, L., SMRZ, P., DOLOG, P., NEJDL, W. & VELASCO, E. How to exploit twitter for public health monitoring? Methods Inf Med. 52(4), 326–39, 2012.
DE SAINT, C.L., MURPHY, G., HEGARTY, K. & GREENE, C.M. Medindo os efeitos da exposição à desinformação e das crenças nas intenções comportamentais: um estudo de vacinação COVID-19. Cognitive Research. Pesquisa 7, 87, 1-19, 2022.
DURMAZ, N. & HENGIRMEN, E. The dramatic increase in anti-vaccine discourses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a social network analysis of Twitter, Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 18 (1), 1-13, 2022.
FREITAS, A.R.R.; NAPIMOGA, M. & DONALISIO, M.R. Análise da gravidade da pandemia de covid-19. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, Brasília, DF, v. 29, n. 2, p. 1-5, 2020.
GALHARDI, C.P., FREIRE, P.N., MYNAIO, M.C.S. & FAGUNDES, M.C.M. Fato ou fake? Uma análise da desinformação frente à pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Ciências Saúde Coletiva, 25(Supl. 2), 4201-4210, 2020.
GUESS, A.M., NYHAN, B., O’KEEFFE, Z. & REIFLER, J. The sources and correlates of exposure to vaccine-related (mis)information online. Vaccine, 38(49), 7799–805, 2020.
HARARI, G.S. & MONTEIRO, L.H.A. An Epidemic Model with Pro and Anti vaccine Groups. Acta Biotheoretica, 70 (20), 1-13, 2022.
LANE, S., MACDONALD, N.E., MARTI, M. & DUMOLARD, L. Vaccine hesitancy around the globe: Analysis of three years of WHO/ UNICEF Joint Reporting Form data-2015–2017. Vaccine, 36, 3861–3867, 2018.
LESKOVA, I.V. & ZYAZIN, S.U. The lack of confidence to vaccination as information planting. Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med, 29(1), 37-40, 2021.
LI, X., MUKANDAVIRE, C., CUCUNUBÁ, Z.C., ECHEVERRIA, L.S., ABBAS, K., CLAPHAM, H.E., JIT, M., JOHNSON, H.L., PAPADOPOULOS, T., VYNNYCKY, E., BRISSON, M., CARTER, E.D., CLARK, A., DE VILLIERS, M.J., EILERTSON, K., FERRARI, M.J., GAMKRELIDZE, I., GAYTHORPE, K.A.M., GRASSLY, N.C., HALLETT, T.B., HINSLEY, W., JACKSON, M.L., JEAN, K., KARACHALIOU, A., KLEPAC, P., LESSLER, J., MOORE, S,M., NAYAGAM, S., NGUYEN, D.M., RAZAVI, H., RAZAVI-SHEARER, D., RESCH, S., SANDERSON, C., SWEET, S., SY, S., TAM, Y., TANVIR, H., TRAN, Q.M., TROTTER, C.L., TRUELOVE, S., VAN ZANDVOORT, K., VERGUET, S., WALKER, N., WINTER, A., WOODRUFF, K., FERGUSON, N.M. & GARSKE,T. Estimando o impacto na saúde da vacinação contra dez patógenos em 98 países de baixa e média renda de 2000 a 2030: um estudo de modelagem. Lancet, 397, 398–408, 2021.
MACDONALD, N.E., ESKOLA, J., LIANG, X., CHAUDHURI, M., DUBE, E. & GELLIN, B. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine 33, 4161–4164, 2015.
MINGARRO, F.A.I. & CLARAMUNT, J.C. COVID-19, 'Fake News' y vacunación: la necesidad de inmunizar a la sociedad de la duda vacunal. Cuadernos de Bioética. 32(104), 63-73, 2021.
MOTA, A.A.S., PIMENTEL, S.M. & OLIVEIRA, A.V.M.G. Desordens informativas: análise de pronunciamentos de Jair Bolsonaro contra a vacinação de covid-19. Reciis – Revista Eletrônica de Comunicação, Informação & Inovação em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, v. 17, n. 2, p. 311-331, 2023.
MONTAGNIA, I., OUAZZANI-TOUHAMIA, K., POUYMAYOUA, A., PEREIRAA, E., NATHALIE, T., STEPHANE, S. & CHRISTOPHE, T. Who is hesitant about Covid-19 vaccines? The profiling of participants in a French online cohort. Revue d’ Epidemiologie et de Santé e Publique, 70, 123 −131, 2022.
NETO, M., GOMES, T.O., PORTO, F.R., RAFAEL, R.M.R. & FONSECA, M.H.S. Fake news no cenário da pandemia de COVID-19. Cogitare Enferm, 25:e72627, 2020.
Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Timeline: WHO response COVID-19. Geneva: WHO; 2019.
OLIVEIRA, L.M.S., GOMES, N.P., OLIVEIRA, E.S., SANTOS, A.A. & PEDREIRA, L.C. Estratégia de enfrentamento para covid-19 na atenção primária à saúde: relato de experiência em Salvador-BA. Revista Gaúcha Enfermagem, 2021.
SILVA, G.M., SOUSA, A.A.R., ALMEIDA, S.M.C., SÁ, I.C. BARROS, F.R., FILHO, J.E.S.S., GRAÇA, J.M.B., MACIEL, N.S. ARAUJO, A.S. & NASCIMENTO, C.E.M. Desafios da imunização contra COVID-19 na saúde pública: das fake news à hesitação vacinal. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 28(3), 739-748, 2023.
SRIVASTAVA, U., TRIPATHI, A.K., KAUR, J., DEVI, S., VERMA, S., SINGH, V., DAS, D., SINGH, P.P., MISHRA, R.K., KUMAR, N.A., MISHRA, V.N., KUMAR, P., RAI, V., TAMANG, R., SURAVAJHALA, P., PANDEY, R. & CHAUBEY, G. Vaccine hesitancy for coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Varanasi India, Frontiers, 1-7, 2022.
ZAFFRAN, M., VANDELAER, J., KRISTENSEN, D., MELGAARD, B., YADAV. P., ANTWI-AGYEI, K.O. & LASHER H. The imperative for stronger vaccine supply and logistics systems. Vaccine. 2013 Apr 18;31 Suppl 2:B73-80. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.036. PMID: 23598495.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Marcelo Arthur Dias da Costa Santana, Sarah Letycia de Sá Crespo Albuquerque, Vânia Vitória da Silva Simões , Tayane Moura Martins, Paula Mirelly da Silva , Bruno Basilio Cardoso de Lima, Edielson André de Siqueira Filho, Aldeiza Mariano de Lima, Iara de Souza Coelho, Gabrielle Sousa Amorim , Danelle da Silva Nascimento, Clarany Alvino Leite, Rosana Fernandes Dantas Gomes, Lídia Batista de Môra , Waleska Maria Félix, Ana Luiza da Silva Godeiro, Ana Helena Pequeno Câmara, Adenilza da Silva Barbosa, Dallynne Venancio