Electronic Cigarettes vs. Conventional Cigarettes: An Integrative Review on Health Impacts and Consequences

Abstract

This article addresses the topic of electronic cigarettes versus conventional cigarettes, discussing their respective consequences and potential risks. Based on the analysis of data obtained from studies published in medical journals and websites, it was possible to correlate various health risks associated with these devices. This integrative review aims to compare the impacts of using electronic and traditional cigarettes on human health. Aspects such as the composition of inhaled aerosols, effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and the potential for nicotine dependence were considered. Although electronic cigarettes generally contain lower levels of toxic compounds compared to conventional ones, they still release potentially harmful substances such as aldehydes, heavy metals, and ultrafine particles. Furthermore, there is evidence that continuous use of these devices may be associated with the development of lung diseases, cardiovascular dysfunctions, and a higher risk of smoking initiation among non-smokers. In light of these findings, it becomes evident that critically evaluating the role of electronic cigarettes in the context of public health is essential, especially given their widespread use in the absence of clear regulations. Keeping up with scientific evidence is crucial for guiding tobacco prevention and control policies, particularly in the protection of vulnerable populations. Thus, understanding the effects of these devices is fundamental to supporting clinical and strategic health decisions aimed at reducing harm to the population.