Vasa Previa Associated with Placenta Previa: a case report.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Vasa Previa and Placenta Previa are risky conditions, linked to complications, such as intense bleeding and risk of fetal, neonatal and maternal death. Early recognition by imaging tests, such as ultrasound, is crucial for appropriate treatment. However, these conditions are commonly underdiagnosed, requiring strict monitoring and immediate action. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive and qualitative case report describes the diagnosis, treatment and progress of a pregnant woman with vasa previa associated with anterior placenta. CASE: A 21-year-old pregnant woman was diagnosed with Placenta Previa and Vasa Previa at 33 weeks of gestation. These diagnoses led to a scheduled cesarean section at 38 weeks, to prevent rupture of the fetal vessels and its effects. The pregnant woman had no other relevant comorbidities, except for a history of placenta previa with a fetus that did not survive. The intervention was successful, resulting in a baby who adapted well to extrauterine life. The patient had a satisfactory recovery. DISCUSSION: Placenta Previa and Vasa Previa are high-risk conditions, linked to complications for both the expectant mother and the fetus, such as hemorrhage, spontaneous abortion, uterine rupture, and embryo death. Placenta Previa occurs when the placenta attaches itself to the lower part of the uterus, partially or completely covering the cervix, which complicates delivery and increases the likelihood of hemorrhage. Vasa Previa refers to fetal vessels that transpose the amniotic membranes and can rupture, resulting in blood loss and risk of fetal death. Early identification is necessary for correct management and risk reduction, enabling interventions, such as cesarean section. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and cesarean section planning in women with vasa previa and anterior placenta are essential. A multidisciplinary strategy and continuous supervision are important to avoid serious complications and ensure a beneficial outcome.