O Perfil epidemiológico de neoplasia maligna de pele na região Sul nos últimos 10 anos

Abstract

Introduction: Skin cancer is the most prevalent type of malignant neoplasm in Brazil, accounting for approximately 30% of registered malignant tumors. In the South region, the predominantly Caucasian population, composed of fair-skinned individuals with low phototypes, constitutes a group at higher risk for the disease. Methodology: This is a descriptive, retrospective, and quantitative epidemiological study on hospitalizations related to malignant skin neoplasms in the South region, covering the period from January 2014 to December 2024. The information was obtained in January 2025 using the Hospital Information System of SUS (SIH/SUS), accessed through the Department of Information and Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Variables such as region/federative unit, year of processing, age group, sex, race/color, type of care, and total hospitalization costs were selected. The data were compiled and analyzed using Excel 2010. Results and discussion: A total of 27,901 hospitalizations were recorded in the South region during this period and 80,485 in Brazil. There was a gradual increase until 2017, followed by slight fluctuations and a peak in 2022. The highest concentration of hospitalizations occurred in individuals over 60 years old, with a relatively balanced distribution between men and women. Regarding costs, there was a growing trend both in Brazil and in the South region, suggesting a progressive increase in expenses related to the diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer. Conclusion: The findings reinforce the need for investment in prevention and early detection measures, especially among vulnerable populations such as the elderly and fair-skinned individuals. Awareness strategies on photoprotection and improved access to early diagnosis can help reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with malignant skin neoplasms.