SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE DUE TO TRAUMA IN BRAZIL: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Ischemic stroke is a serious clinical condition that involves the interruption of blood flow to an area of ​​the brain, associated with risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking and sedentary lifestyle. However, there has been growing concern regarding cases of ischemic stroke triggered by traumatic events, such as falls, car accidents and traumatic brain injuries. Objective: This narrative review aims to investigate the sociodemographic profile of patients with ischemic stroke due to trauma in Brazil over the last 20 years. Methodology: Sociodemographic data, causes, severity, treatment and clinical outcome were collected. The severity assessment used the NIHSS Stroke Scale and the clinical outcome was measured with the modified Rankin Scale. Statistical analysis investigated associations between variables. Limitations, such as variations in the studies and heterogeneous quality, were acknowledged. Results: The mean age of patients was 62 years, with a majority of cases in men, reflecting differences in risk exposure. Car accidents (80%) and falls (10%) were the main causes, highlighting the need for specific prevention. Treatment included intravenous thrombolysis (60%) and was most effective when performed within the first six hours. Clinical outcome indicated functional improvement in 60% of cases. Associations between age, sex and severity, as well as treatment time and outcome, were observed. Conclusion: The study reveals valuable information about the sociodemographic profile of ischemic stroke due to trauma in Brazil. It highlights the need for targeted preventive measures, effective treatment and equity in access to therapies. Implications for health policies and future research are evident. Despite limitations, the study provides crucial insights to understand and address this complex condition, aiming to improve care and outcomes.