Alterações cardiovasculares e sistêmicas na Síndrome de Down: Impacto das cardiopatias congênitas e comorbidades associadas

Abstract

This article aims to conduct a scientific literature review on cardiovascular and systemic alterations in Down syndrome, with an emphasis on congenital heart diseases, physiological repercussions, and the impact on patients' quality of life. For this purpose, the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were used as search engines, employing the keywords "Down syndrome, Congenital heart disease, Heart murmur, Systemic comorbidities." The review revealed that Down syndrome is strongly associated with cardiovascular anomalies, with atrioventricular septal defect being the most prevalent, followed by atrial and ventricular septal defects. In addition to heart diseases, individuals with Down syndrome have a higher predisposition to visual impairments, muscle hypotonia, and alterations in cerebral vascularization, which may contribute to systemic complications. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are essential to improve the survival and quality of life of these patients, highlighting the importance of cardiological follow-up and early intervention.