UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF AGING ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION: EXPLORING INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. Although effective interventions already exist, there is currently no definitive treatment that can cure or reverse the deterioration caused by AD in the cognitive functioning of the elderly, the population most affected by the disease. Although pharmacological means exist, there is evidence that non-pharmacological means are more accessible and effective for the return of neurodegeneration, such as physical activity, improved sleep and the implementation of a healthy diet. The need to explore and address the structural factors present in the implementation of new intervention strategies against AD is crucial for the early treatment of the disease. OBJECTIVES: To review and synthesize the current evidence on the effects of aging on cognitive function, with a focus on cognitive deterioration related to Alzheimer's. And to analyze interventions aimed at promoting cognitive health in old age. METHODOLOGY: This study consists of a Literature Review carried out from June to July 2024, using the PubMed and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases. The inclusion criteria were: articles in Portuguese, English, Spanish and French; published from 2019 to 2024. RESULTS: The results indicate that, as it is a multifactorial condition, intervention practices related to Alzheimer's Disease should concern the factors that imply the preservation or improvement of cognitive function during aging. The research highlighted that pharmacological treatment, although less recurrent, consists of the prescription of anticholinesterases and memantine. In contrast, non-pharmacological intervention, which has proven to be more important today, concerns the delay of cognitive dysfunction over time - since the practice of aerobic exercises increases the level of the neurotrophic factor linked to cognition, that the control of the circadian cycle reduces sleep disorders that can lead to the pathological accumulation of proteins that cause neurodegeneration, and that a diet rich in antioxidants and vitamins helps neuronal functioning. CONCLUSION: This article emphasizes the importance of adopting approaches that promote a healthy lifestyle, this being the most important means of intervention, which addresses both aspects of aging and specific factors of Alzheimer's disease, such as cognitive decline.