Effects of Hormonal Contraceptives on Intraocular Pressure: Implications for Patients at Risk of Glaucoma

Abstract

Introduction: Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, characterized by progressive deterioration of the optic nerve and loss of visual field. This article aims to review the current literature on the relationship between the use of hormonal contraceptives and intraocular pressure (IOP), focusing on the implications for patients at risk of developing glaucoma. Methods: The review was conducted using the databases PubMed, SciELO, and MEDLINE. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies published in the last decade that explored the association between the use of hormonal contraceptives and variations in IOP, as well as their possible implications for individuals predisposed to glaucoma. The keywords used in the search were: "intraocular pressure," "hormonal contraceptives," "glaucoma," "risk factors," and "eye health.". Results: The review highlighted that users of implant-supported full prostheses demonstrated better quality of life and satisfaction compared to those who use mucosal-supported full prostheses. Furthermore, some studies indicated that the hormones present in contraceptives may influence IOP, although the exact mechanisms are still under investigation. Conclusion: The use of hormonal contraceptives may have significant effects on IOP, especially in patients at risk of glaucoma. It is crucial for healthcare professionals, including ophthalmologists and gynecologists, to conduct continuous monitoring of IOP in patients using these contraceptives. More clinical studies are needed to deepen the understanding of this relationship and to personalize usage decisions based on risks and benefits, ensuring careful management of eye health.