Recent Advances in Immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment: Clinical Perspectives and Challenges

Abstract

Immunotherapy has established itself as an innovative approach in the treatment of cancer, taking advantage of the immune system to combat tumor cells. This advance has been particularly promising in metastatic and hematological cancers, with emphasis on immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cell therapies. However, challenges such as tumor resistance, autoimmune adverse effects and high costs limit its application. Research continues to advance in the search for predictive biomarkers and therapeutic combinations, aiming for greater efficacy and accessibility. Personalization of treatment has been a key focus, allowing immunotherapy to be tailored to individual patient characteristics. Clinical trials demonstrate that combining immunotherapy with other approaches, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can improve therapeutic response. Despite the challenges, immunotherapy represents a significant change in the paradigm of oncology treatment, with the potential to become an increasingly effective and accessible alternative, benefiting a greater number of patients.