Transtornos psiquiátricos em pacientes traumáticos: desafios no manejo cirúrgico e no atendimento de Urgência e Emergência

Abstract

This article reviews the scientific literature on psychiatric disorders in trauma patients, focusing on the challenges faced during surgical management and emergency care. The research, conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using the terms "Psychiatric disorders, Traumatic patients, Surgical management, Emergency care," reveals that traumatized patients frequently develop psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and psychotic disorders. These symptoms may be pre-existing or exacerbated by physical and psychological trauma, complicating immediate treatment and postoperative recovery. The therapeutic approach for these patients requires an integrated and coordinated strategy, involving multidisciplinary teams of surgeons, psychiatrists, psychologists, neurologists, and emergency professionals. Surgical management needs to be adapted to consider the psychological impact and psychiatric conditions, with an emphasis on minimizing emotional distress and treating psychiatric comorbidities. Interventions such as continuous psychological support, the use of psychotropic medications, and constant monitoring of the mental state are essential to ensure a successful recovery.