Avanços recentes em biomateriais para implantes dentários

Abstract

Recent advances in the development of biomaterials for dental implants have significantly improved dental practice, providing more effective and personalized solutions for oral rehabilitation. Materials such as metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites stand out for their distinct properties, including high biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and osteoconductive and osteoinductive capacity. Titanium alloys remain widely used due to their durability and excellent interaction with bone tissue, while zirconia emerges as a promising alternative, combining aesthetic advantages and reduced bacterial adhesion. Polymers such as Polyether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK), although challenging in terms of osseointegration, offer lightness and flexibility, making them suitable for specific applications. This study aims to analyze the recent advances in the development and application of biomaterials for dental implants, highlighting their properties, benefits, and impact on clinical efficacy and patients' quality of life. The methodology used in this work was a literature review. Recent advancements in biomaterials for dental implants have revolutionized dental practice, promoting effective and personalized solutions that significantly improve osseointegration, durability, and implant functionality, positively impacting patients' quality of life. This study highlighted that metals, such as titanium, remain the gold standard due to their strength and biocompatibility, while ceramics, polymers, and composites offer promising alternatives with unique properties such as superior aesthetics, flexibility, and osteoconductivity. Despite the benefits, challenges related to long-term biocompatibility, high costs, and the need for strict regulations still limit the universal application of these materials. Continued interdisciplinary research and technological advancements are essential to overcoming these limitations and expanding the clinical effectiveness of biomaterials.