DOENÇA DE BEHÇET VERSUS DOENÇA INFLAMATÓRIA INTESTINAL: SIMILARIDADES CLÍNICAS, MECANISMOS PATOGÊNICOS E IMPLICAÇÕES TERAPÊUTICAS

Abstract

Introduction: Behçet's Disease (BD) is a chronic systemic vasculitis that can affect several organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, where it causes ulcerative lesions similar to those of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), such as Crohn's Disease (CD) and Colitis Ulcerative (CU). The clinical similarity between these conditions, including symptoms such as abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea and elevated inflammatory markers, makes differential diagnosis difficult. Despite this, there are significant pathogenic and therapeutic differences between BD and IBD that need to be explored for effective management. Objective: This study aims to review the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of Behçet's Disease with gastrointestinal involvement, comparing it with Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Methodology: The review was carried out based on scientific literature that analyzed the pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis and treatment of intestinal BD and IBD. Discussion: Despite the clinical similarities between intestinal BD and IBD, their pathogenesis is distinct. BD is associated with the HLA-B51 allele and the activation of hyperreactive neutrophils, while IBD involves T-helper cell-mediated inflammation. Differential diagnosis includes endoscopic and histological observations, and emerging biological treatments have shown efficacy in refractory cases of both diseases. Conclusion: Although BD and IBD share symptoms and some treatments, their pathogenic differences require distinct diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The use of biomarkers such as MGAM can aid in diagnosis, and new biological therapies offer hope for effective management of these conditions.