ATUALIZAÇÕES DOS PROTOCOLOS PARA SUPORTE AVANÇADO DE VIDA EM SITUAÇÕES DE AFOGAMENTO

Abstract

Advanced life support protocols for drowning situations have been continually revised to incorporate best practices based on updated scientific evidence and improve survival outcomes. Among the updates, early ventilation is a measure that should be started immediately and is essential for drowning victims, since hypoxia is the main cause of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) in these cases. Above all, the importance of opening the airway and providing effective ventilation before chest compressions in specific scenarios, such as when resuscitation is initiated by trained professionals, is emphasized. Furthermore, chest compressions, if ventilation is not possible, should be performed to maintain blood flow, and the guidelines highlight the importance of high-quality compressions with a frequency of 100 to 120 per minute, adequate depth, full chest recoil, and minimal interruptions. In addition, the use of an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) is recommended to treat potentially fatal arrhythmias, but only after ensuring adequate ventilation and chest compressions. Post-rescue care should be provided after initial stabilization, and it is essential to monitor the victim in a hospital setting to treat possible complications, such as aspiration syndrome or other associated injuries. In suspected cases of spinal trauma, it is recommended to avoid head and neck movements until safety is assured in order to prevent injuries to the brain spine, with passive ventilatory support through chest compressions being preferable in these cases. Therefore, these guidelines emphasize the need for rapid and effective interventions, training of rescuers and the appropriate use of equipment such as AEDs, and it is essential to keep up to date with courses such as ACLS (Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support), which incorporate these practices.