Psychiatric Disorders Associated with Substance Abuse: Focus on Treatment

Abstract

Introduction: Psychiatric disorders related to substance abuse involve complex interactions of genetic, neurobiological, environmental, and psychosocial factors, resulting in high rates of comorbidity with depression and anxiety, as well as increased risks of relapse, hospitalizations, and suicide. These conditions require a deep understanding of the underlying mechanisms and efficient therapeutic strategies to mitigate individual and social harm. Objective: This study aims to review and discuss updated treatment approaches for psychiatric disorders resulting from substance abuse, focusing on psychosocial and pharmacological therapies. Methodology: An exploratory and qualitative literature review was carried out in databases such as PubMed, MedlinePlus, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar, using specific descriptors aimed at mental disorders and substance use. Studies from 2010 to 2024, in English or Portuguese, with a direct focus on psychiatric comorbidities related to substance abuse and full access to the content were included. Publications published before 2010, in other languages, or not relevant to the topic were excluded. Results and Discussion: The research identified that the origin of these disorders is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition and factors such as trauma and environmental stress. A global increase in the consumption of opioids, stimulants, and cannabinoids was observed, associated with high rates of depression and anxiety. Early diagnosis, supported by validated scales, is crucial to prevent complications. Treatment strategies include specific medications to control dependence and mental disorders, as well as psychosocial therapies and support groups, which have proven to be effective in reducing relapse and strengthening integrated care. However, challenges such as stigma and lack of resources persist, making it difficult to implement effective harm reduction policies. Final Considerations: An integrated effort is needed to address both the biological and social and psychological aspects of psychiatric disorders associated with substance abuse. Personalizing therapeutic interventions, early diagnosis, and combating stigma are essential to reduce morbidity and economic costs. It remains essential to strengthen public policies and support networks to improve clinical practices and expand resources for research and treatment.