AS TAXAS DE CESÁREAS NO BRASIL DE 2017 A 2022: UM ESTUDO ECOLÓGICO UTILIZANDO A CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE ROBSON

Abstract

Introduction: A cesarean section is a birth assistance technique that consists of a surgical intervention whose objective is to provide a safe birth for both the baby and the mother. There are disagreements between authors regarding their indications, since, at an international level, health institutions recommend a certain ideal rate of cesarean sections for the population, a value that has been surpassed in recent years. Due to the lack of sufficient data for a general and comparative overview of cesarean section rates, the World Health Organization recommended the implementation of the Robson Classification, and Brazil has been using it since 2014. Objective: To indicate cesarean section rates according to Robson's classification in Brazil. Method: Ecological study, carried out by collecting data from the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System (Datasus), evaluating the period from 2017 to 2022, including all live births in Brazil and excluding data identified as "group X". The variables analyzed were: type of birth (cesarean section, vaginal), year of birth (2017-2022), region of notification, Robson groups (1-10) and mortality due to cesarean section. Results: In the period analyzed, 56.6% of births registered in Brazil corresponded to cesarean sections analyzed using the Robson Classification. The Robson groups that had the greatest contribution to the total number of cesarean sections were groups 2 (17.38% - 1,643,800) and group 5 (35.15% - 3,324,234). Demonstrating a higher prevalence in group 5. Furthermore, it was observed that the Central-West region has the highest rates of cesarean sections. Conclusion: Over half of births in Brazil occurred by cesarean section. The Central-West had the highest rate, and the North, the lowest. Among all regions, the greatest contribution to the overall cesarean section rate was from group 5.