Post-dictatorship feminism and childbirth

Abstract

Obstetric violence, characterized by abusive practices during childbirth and pregnancy, has become a central theme in discussions on reproductive health, especially in the post-dictatorial context of Latin America. The medicalization of childbirth and the appropriation of obstetric knowledge by male professionals have contributed to the devaluation of traditional practices and the oppression of women, reflecting a patriarchal power structure in interactions between health professionals and patients. This study aims to analyze the evolution of the concept of "obstetric violence" as a political and discursive construction, highlighting the intersection between obstetric practices and the feminist struggle, with the aim of promoting more humane and respectful care. The research used an analytical-deductive historical approach, reviewing academic literature in databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, as well as historical documents from the 19th and 20th centuries. The investigation also considered the impact of the dictatorial regime and the transition to democracy, periods in which feminist ideas gained strength and influenced health policies. The results indicate that the term "obstetric violence" emerges as a critique of naturalized practices that perpetuate female oppression. The analysis highlights the need for transformation in care relationships, promoting women's autonomy and dignity. The study concludes that understanding obstetric violence from a historical and feminist perspective is crucial to transforming health practices and guaranteeing women's human rights.