NEW ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS)

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor neurons responsible for controlling voluntary muscles. Advances in research have contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the disease, including genetic, cellular, and molecular factors that influence its development and progression. The diagnosis of ALS remains challenging, and emerging biomarkers, such as specific proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma, as well as advanced imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, are being investigated to improve diagnostic accuracy and monitor disease progression. Additionally, several experimental therapeutic approaches, including gene therapy, stem cell therapy, immunotherapy, and RNA therapy, are in development and at different stages of clinical trials. This article provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms, diagnosis, and potential treatment options for ALS, highlighting recent advances, persistent challenges, and future perspectives in the research and treatment of this complex neurodegenerative disease.