The Contribution of Forensic Dentistry and DNA Analysis in the Identification of Missing Persons: Literature Review

Abstract

Identification of missing people is a central challenge in forensic medicine, especially when traditional methods are not sufficient. In this scenario, forensic dentistry and DNA analysis are essential, providing accurate methods to identify victims in complex cases such as mass disasters or advanced decomposition (Corradi et al., 2017). This study was carried out based on a bibliographic review of articles published between 2014 and 2023. The databases consulted included SciELO, PubMed and Google Scholar. The research analyzed forensic dentistry and DNA methods in forensic identification, focusing on the integration between the two. Forensic dentistry has proven to be effective, especially in difficult-to-identify scenarios, due to the preservation of dental arches, even in adverse conditions (Figueira Junior & Moura, 2014). However, the lack of updated dental records limits its effectiveness (Nogueira et al., 2015). DNA analysis, although accurate, faces challenges related to cost and infrastructure (Gioster-Ramos et al., 2021). The combination of these techniques has shown positive results in forensic investigations (Corradi et al., 2017). The combination of forensic dentistry and DNA analysis is effective in identifying missing people. Technological advances promise to make these tools more accessible and accurate, contributing to justice and offering answers to families.