Tendência temporal da mortalidade por suicídio no Acre e no Brasil, 2010 a 2022

Abstract

This article aims to describe the epidemiological profile and analyze the temporal trend of suicide deaths in the state of Acre and Brazil from 2010 to 2022. This is a time-series study that included data on deaths where suicide was the underlying cause, collected from the Mortality Information System (SIM). The data analysis included the calculation of suicide mortality rates; sex ratio; temporal trend analysis using generalized linear regression models according to the Prais-Winsten method; absolute and relative frequency of deaths according to selected variables. In Acre, the suicide mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants ranged from 5.35 to 8.94, with an increasing trend of 4.03% per year (p<0.001). In Brazil, the minimum and maximum mortality rates were observed in the years 2010 (5.23) and 2022 (7.72), respectively; there was an increasing trend with an annual percentage change (APC) of 3.16% (p<0.001). Suicide mortality rates were higher among men, with the sex ratio ranging from 2.58 to 7.08 in Acre and 4.74 to 5.08 in Brazil. There was a statistically significant increase in mortality for both sexes, with greater growth among women in the state of Acre (APC = 6.95%). Individuals with 8 to 11 years of schooling and those who were single were more affected. In Acre, higher incidence was observed among young people aged 15 to 24 and those of mixed race, while in Brazil, the predominance was among people aged 25 to 34 and those of white race. The increasing trend of suicides observed in Acre and Brazil is worrisome, considering the high rates among men and the sharp increase among women. The observed increase contradicts the global trend of reduction, demanding a reassessment of prevention strategies and mental health promotion, with an emphasis on creating more assertive and equitable public policies aligned with regional and national challenges.