CONTRAST-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY: AN UPDATED VIEW ON RISKS AND CLINICAL PREVENTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2024v6n10p3673-3687Keywords:
Risk factors, Contrast, Nephropathy, PreventionAbstract
Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a renal complication that arises after the administration of contrast agents, particularly in patients with diabetes and renal insufficiency. Often underdiagnosed, CIN can lead to the progression of chronic kidney disease and increased mortality, affecting up to 20% of at-risk patients. Prevention strategies, such as adequate hydration and appropriate agent selection, are crucial. Objective: To conduct a systematic literature review on CIN, focusing on risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, prevention strategies, and treatment options, aiming to optimize clinical practices and promote patient safety. Methodology: The review was conducted using the PubMed and BVS databases, applying rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria based on categories: pathological mechanisms, risk factors, prevention strategies, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Results and Discussion: The mechanisms of CIN include toxicity from contrast agents, renal hypoperfusion, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which exacerbate renal injury, especially in patients with pre-existing conditions. Risk factors are intrinsic, such as renal diseases and diabetes, and extrinsic, such as types and doses of contrast. Prevention and treatment rely on hydration, early identification, and continuous monitoring of renal function. Medical education is crucial for the implementation of effective guidelines. Conclusion: Understanding the mechanisms and risk factors of CIN is essential for implementing preventive and therapeutic strategies. The review emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach to improve clinical outcomes in patients exposed to contrast agents.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Juliana Martins Lessa Maia, Ana Karoline de Almeida Silva, Ana Cecília Martins Lessa Barreto, Beatriz Melro Araújo, Carolina Martins Lessa Barreto, Daniela Martins Lessa Barreto, Flávia Letícia de Souza Ramalho, Ingrid Sarmento Leite, Letícia Dias Dantas Luz, Lícia Jaqueline Porciúncula de Araújo Amorim, Paula Andreia Santos Braz, Willyan Tavares Gonçalves
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