Use of low-intensity laser in the treatment of inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia: a literature update

Abstract

This paper presents an integrative review on the use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) paresthesia. Paresthesia is a common complication in invasive dental procedures, such as third molar extraction, characterized by sensory alterations such as tingling and numbness. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficacy of LLLT in sensory recovery, considering its photobiomodulatory effects that promote tissue regeneration, pain relief and improvement of nerve function. Invasive dental operations, such as third molar extraction, sometimes involve the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), which can result in consequences such as paresthesia. The quality of life of patients is negatively affected by this disease, which is characterized by sensory disturbances such as tingling, burning or loss of sensitivity. Given this, low-level laser therapy has become a viable therapeutic option for IAN paresthesia, aiding in nerve regeneration and reducing neuropathic pain. Schwann cells, which are responsible for axon regeneration, are specifically stimulated by laser therapy to promote tissue healing. Although the results of the current research are positive, additional standardized clinical trials are needed to establish this approach in dental practice and define treatment regimens. Reviewing the body of research on the efficacy of low-level laser treatment in the treatment of inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia is the aim of this study.