Investigação Epidemiológica das Internações por Insuficiência Renal no Brasil, entre 2019 e 2023: Estudo Ecológico

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Renal failure, characterized by loss of kidney function, compromises blood filtration and elimination of toxins. In Brazil, it is one of the main causes of hospitalization, especially due to the increase in chronic diseases and population aging. Between 2019 and 2023, the management of this condition was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which overloaded the health system and influenced access to diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to quantify and analyze the rates of hospitalizations for renal failure in Brazil. METHODOLOGY: The retrospective study with a quantitative approach used data from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), provided by the SUS Information Technology Department (TABNET/DATASUS). The analysis covered hospitalizations for renal failure in Brazil from January 2019 to December 2023, using descriptive statistics and tabulation in Microsoft Excel 2016 and Microsoft Word 10 spreadsheets. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Between 2019 and 2023, Brazil registered 631,626 hospitalizations for renal failure, with emphasis on the Southeast (293,657 cases) and Northeast (142,454) regions. The South region had 110,502 hospitalizations, followed by the Central-West (41,672) and North (43,341). The total number of hospitalizations grew over the years, from 121,671 in 2019 to 152,346 in 2023, with the impact of the pandemic reflected in the variations in hospitalizations in the intermediate years. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the analysis of hospitalizations due to kidney failure between 2019 and 2023 highlights the need for public policies that strengthen the prevention and treatment of the disease, especially in regions with less access to health services. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in hospitalizations in 2023 highlight the urgency of investments in infrastructure and professional training to ensure equitable care.