Robotic Cholecystectomy: Advances and Outcomes in Minimally Invasive Surgery

Abstract

The analysis of the literature on robotic cholecystectomies, particularly single-site robotic cholecystectomy (SSRC) and multi-incision robotic cholecystectomy (MIRC), reveals a variety of results that complicate a clear assessment of their advantages and disadvantages, especially in emergency situations. While the number of studies is increasing, methodological heterogeneity and differences in surgeons' experience complicate comparisons, particularly regarding complications such as bile duct injuries. SSRC has shown potential to reduce intraoperative complications and conversion rates, but high costs and prolonged operative times remain barriers to its adoption in institutions with lower procedure volumes. Although it offers advantages in terms of visualization and precision, the operational complexity and learning curve associated with the technique still need to be addressed. Future studies should focus on randomized clinical trials and cost-effectiveness analyses to validate the efficacy of robotic surgery in managing acute biliary conditions, considering not only clinical efficacy but also economic viability.