Avanços nas técnicas de microcirurgia e reconstrução facial em pacientes queimados

Abstract

Facial burns represent a significant challenge in medicine, as they not only affect function, but also the aesthetics and quality of life of patients. In recent years, microsurgery techniques have advanced considerably, providing better results in the facial reconstruction of burn patients. This article reviews these advances, addressing the effectiveness of microsurgery techniques and the application of free flaps in the recovery of facial injuries. An integrative literature review was carried out between 2012 and 2024, using databases such as PubMed and Scielo. References were selected based on their relevance to the topic, addressing microsurgical techniques, facial reconstruction results and innovations in the field. The descriptors used were “Burns”, “Microsurgery”, “Plastic Surgery”, “Surgical Flaps”. The analysis of studies showed that the implementation of microvascular free flaps, such as perforator flaps, significantly improved viability rates and aesthetic conditions in patients with facial burns. Reports indicate an 87% success rate in integrating vascular grafts, as well as a reduction in morbidity at donor sites and flap flexibility.  The adoption of fluorescence monitoring and improved dissection techniques has resulted in reduced complication rates, with a graft necrosis rate of less than 8%. Advances in microsurgery techniques and facial reconstruction approaches for burn patients have provided positive results in terms of functionality and aesthetics. Innovations in monitoring technologies and the use of vascularized flaps are fundamental to the continuous improvement of these techniques. This study highlights the importance of microsurgery in the rehabilitation of burn patients, suggesting that the combination of advanced techniques and ongoing research are essential to optimize results.