Autoimmune Diseases: Update on Diagnosis and Treatment in General Practice

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases, which involve the immune system attacking the body itself, are complex to diagnose and treat. Their prevalence exceeds 8% of the world population, with notable variations in Brazil due to geographic and socioeconomic differences. This article discusses recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of these pathologies, highlighting the relevance of innovative methods and personalized therapies. The objective is to discuss how these innovations can be applied in clinical practice to improve patient prognoses. To this end, a systematic review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Medline, SciELO and Google Scholar, with strict inclusion criteria to ensure the quality and relevance of the data collected. Technological advances, especially molecular biomarkers and autoantibody tests, allow for more accurate and earlier diagnoses. Research in genetics and intestinal microbiota holds promise for the development of personalized treatments. Genetic research and studies on intestinal microbiota hold particular promise for the development of more personalized and targeted treatments. Furthermore, biological and regenerative therapies, such as the use of stem cells, are revolutionizing the treatment of these diseases, minimizing adverse side effects and significantly improving patients’ quality of life. The advances discussed in this article have transformative potential in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, introducing new perspectives for the personalization of medicine. The adoption of these technological and therapeutic innovations is essential to overcome the challenges of these complex pathologies. It is vital that continuous research and inclusive health policies are implemented, ensuring universal access to medical advances and promoting an equitable approach to the care of these conditions.