Reabilitação oral com implantes dentários como fator de risco para osteonecrose medicamentosa dos maxilares

Abstract

Introduction: Oral rehabilitation with dental implants is widely used to restore function and aesthetics in patients with tooth loss. However, prolonged use of antiresorptive medications, such as bisphosphonates, can cause medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ), a serious condition that affects bone healing after implant surgeries. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze whether oral rehabilitation with dental implants is a risk factor for the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed in the PubMed, BVS, and SciELO databases, combining the descriptors “Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw,” “Dental Implants,” and “Surgery, Oral,” with the boolean operators “AND” and “OR.” Articles from 2019 to 2024, available in full text and in English or Portuguese, that addressed the guiding question were included. Studies involving animals or literature reviews were excluded. Results and Discussion: The initial search identified 125 studies, of which 9 articles were included for final analysis. The reviewed articles show that patients using antiresorptive medications have a higher risk of developing MRONJ after the installation of dental implants. Reduced vascularization and inhibition of bone remodeling contribute to this risk. Careful surgical planning and rigorous postoperative follow-up are essential to minimize complications. Conclusion: Dental implants may increase the risk of MRONJ in patients using antiresorptive medications. Preventive strategies and rigorous monitoring are crucial to avoid the development of this condition.