Updates on laryngotracheobronchitis in childhood: a bibliographic review

Abstract

Laryngotracheobronchitis, commonly known as croup, is a frequent respiratory condition in children, characterized by inflammation and swelling of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. This study aims to provide an updated review of the latest advancements in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of laryngotracheobronchitis in childhood. To carry out the research, a comprehensive literature review was carried out, focusing on studies published in the last 5 years. Databases such as Scielo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were utilized to gather relevant articles. Key areas of focus included etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. The review highlights significant advancements in the understanding of viral etiologies, with particular emphasis on the role of parainfluenza viruses. Improved diagnostic techniques, such as the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, have enhanced the accuracy of pathogen identification. Treatment protocols have evolved, with an emphasis on the use of corticosteroids and nebulized epinephrine as primary therapeutic agents. Recent studies also explore the potential of novel therapies and the impact of vaccination on disease incidence. The management of laryngotracheobronchitis in children has improved substantially due to advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Early and accurate diagnosis, coupled with effective treatment strategies, can significantly reduce morbidity and improve outcomes. Ongoing research and the development of new therapies are essential to further enhance the care of children with this condition.