Análise dos Fatores de Risco Cardiovascular em Pacientes com Doença de Parkinson: Uma Revisão Integrativa

Abstract

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition that affects not only the motor system but also cardiovascular function, increasing the risk of severe complications. This integrative review aimed to analyze the main cardiovascular risk factors in patients with PD, focusing on aspects such as autonomic modulation, arterial stiffness, hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, nutritional status, and sleep apnea. The research was conducted using electronic databases, selecting studies published between 2018 and 2024 that addressed the relationship between PD and cardiovascular risk. The main findings indicate that autonomic dysfunction, common in PD patients, contributes to blood pressure instability and an increased risk of arrhythmias. Furthermore, arterial stiffness and hypertension were widely reported, exacerbating the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Orthostatic hypotension was identified as a significant factor affecting the quality of life of these patients. Nutritional status was also critical, with malnutrition and sarcopenia increasing cardiovascular vulnerability. Lastly, sleep apnea was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension and sudden death risk. In conclusion, the clinical management of PD patients should be broadened to include the assessment and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors, with a multidisciplinary approach. This comprehensive care can improve patients' quality of life and reduce mortality.