Keywords
HIV infections
Blood cell count
How to Cite
Abstract
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a major public health problem, infecting approximately 38.9 million people worldwide. This infection has numerous complications, the most common being hematological changes, especially cytopenias caused by the direct effect of the virus suppressing bone marrow production through alteration of the microenvironment or secondary to opportunistic diseases, neoplasms and the antiretroviral treatment itself. Methodology: A narrative review study was carried out after extensive bibliographical research in the main current databases with exploratory reading of the material obtained. Results and Discussion: Anemia is the most common cytopenia, with a prevalence of 63 to 95%, being, in most cases, mild and of the normocytic and normochromic type. Leukopenia, which may be involved with a degree of immunosuppression, and thrombocytopenia occur to a lesser degree and may be associated with myelotoxic drugs and the evolution of the disease itself. Anemia is an isolated prognostic factor, being associated with progression to AIDS (immunodeficiency state) with worse morbidity and mortality. Final considerations: The use of the blood count, which is a low-cost test available anywhere, in the evaluation and monitoring of people living with HIV is of paramount importance, since this test can indicate disease control, adherence to treatment and possible complications, being able to help in places with less resources in order to make a difference in this specific population.
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