Description of morbidity indicators due to malignant neoplasia of the colon in the Northeast region in 2023

Abstract

Colon malignancy is one of the most prevalent and lethal forms of cancer in the world, characterized by the abnormal growth of cells that can invade and spread to other parts of the body. This study focuses on the Northeast region in 2023, seeking to explore the regional particularities that influence the incidence and management of the disease, including risk factors such as advanced age, family history, inadequate diets, sedentary lifestyle, obesity and the impact of comorbidities such as diabetes and diseases cardiac. The retrospective study analyzed data on hospital admissions specifically attributed to colonic malignancy, selecting studies published in Portuguese or English and available in the aforementioned databases. Variables were analyzed to provide a detailed view of the distribution and impact of hospitalizations. The data show a high prevalence of colon cancer among individuals aged 60 to 69 years, with a predominance of hospitalizations among women and brown individuals, reflecting possible inequalities in access to health care and the influence of social determinants. The analysis also highlighted the importance of risk factors such as dietary habits and comorbidities such as diabetes and heart disease in managing the disease. The complexity of the pathophysiology of colon cancer is highlighted, influenced by genetic and epigenetic changes, and the importance of early diagnosis and adequate treatment. Regional and socioeconomic disparities require a differentiated approach focused on the particularities of the Northeast region. There is a need for health policies that improve access to diagnosis and treatment, considering demographic and socioeconomic particularities. Implementing effective public health strategies can significantly improve outcomes for patients with colonic malignancy in the Northeast region.