Epidemiology of hospitalizations for heart failure: Brazilian portrait between 2020 and 2023

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is a serious clinical condition that significantly impacts healthcare systems, especially due to its high morbidity and mortality. With the increase in global prevalence, driven by the aging of the population and the prevalence of chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, Brazil observed an increase in hospitalizations for HF between 2020 and 2023. A quantitative and retrospective epidemiological analysis was adopted based on data from the System of SUS Hospital Information (SIH/SUS). Data on hospitalizations for HF were collected and analyzed, including patients' demographic and clinical variables, using Microsoft Excel 2019 software for statistical analysis and construction of descriptive tables. The results indicated an increase in HF incidence and mortality rates in the period, with significant variations between Brazilian regions. The highest concentration of cases and lethality was observed in the Southeast. Furthermore, the prevalence was higher in older and male individuals. Frequent comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes were prevalent among hospitalized patients. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated difficulties in managing HF, with an overload on health systems and increased fatality rates, especially during 2021. The need for more effective public health policies and early interventions was highlighted, especially in regions with high mortality and lethality, to improve access and quality of healthcare. This study revealed significant inequalities in access and quality of HF treatment in Brazil, highlighting the need for interventions and policies aimed at improving equity in the treatment of the condition. The implementation of prevention programs and awareness campaigns focused on the most vulnerable communities is crucial to reduce incidence and improve clinical outcomes in a more equitable way.