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Abstract
Introduction: Local anesthesia has revolutionized surgery, especially in the extraction of congenital melanocytic nevi, which can present risks of malignancy and have a significant aesthetic and psychological impact. The need for effective treatment options is crucial. Objective: Analyze the contribution of local anesthesia in congenital nevus surgery, evaluating current techniques and results, and suggesting areas for future research. Methodology: Studies from the last 10 years on local anesthesia in congenital nevus surgery were selected, excluding non-specific studies or studies with methodological deficiencies. Databases such as PubMed and Medline were used, with key terms and rigorous inclusion criteria. Results: Congenital nevus is a melanocytic lesion with risks of malignant transformation, especially in large nevi (>20 cm). Local anesthesia offers quick recovery and fewer complications compared to general or regional anesthesia. Less invasive procedures, such as serious excisions and tissue expanders, have benefited from the use of local anesthesia. Recent studies show high safety and efficacy in pediatric patients, highlighting rapid recovery and fewer complications. Innovations include improved anesthetic formulations and the use of advanced imaging for precise administration. Discussion: Local anesthesia, especially tumescent local anesthesia, has been shown to be effective and safe in congenital nevus surgery, facilitating outpatient procedures and improving the patient experience. Limitations include the need for larger, controlled studies to consolidate this evidence. Conclusion: Local anesthesia is an effective and safe tool in congenital nevus surgery, especially in pediatrics. However, continued research is needed to optimize techniques and formulate robust clinical guidelines.
References
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