MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATIONS IN BARIATRIC SURGERIES

Abstract

Bariatric surgery has emerged as an effective solution for morbid obesity, a condition associated with severe comorbidities that significantly impact quality and life expectancy. Despite its effectiveness in weight loss and improvement of comorbidities, the surgery is not without risks and complications. This study aims to review the main complications associated with bariatric surgeries, discuss management strategies, and identify risk factors. The methodology employed was a systematic literature review of studies published between 2016 and 2024, using databases such as PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, and Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies on complications and postoperative management in bariatric surgeries, while irrelevant articles or those without empirical data were excluded. The results indicate an overall postoperative complication rate of 16.2%, with symptomatic cholelithiasis being the most frequent complication. The mortality rate was 0.12%, and food intolerance affected 56.8% of patients. The efficacy of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) was confirmed, with significant weight loss and resolution of comorbidities, although food intolerance and nutritional deficiencies remain ongoing concerns. The analysis suggests that surgeon experience and the implementation of rigorous protocols are crucial for improving outcomes and minimizing risks. In conclusion, bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for morbid obesity, but comprehensive management of complications and nutritional support are essential for ensuring safety and long-term success. A multidisciplinary approach and ongoing patient education are fundamental for optimizing clinical outcomes.