Initial Approach to Schistosomiasis-Associated Uveitis in Emergency Units: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Schistosomiasis-associated uveitis, though rare, presents significant challenges in diagnosis and management, particularly in emergency units located in endemic regions. This article aims to review and synthesize available evidence on the initial approach to this condition, with a focus on the diagnostic and therapeutic practices adopted in recent years. An integrative review was conducted, covering studies published between 2014 and 2024, supplemented by older yet relevant research. The search was performed in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Lilacs, using specific terms related to uveitis, schistosomiasis, and emergency care. The results reveal that despite advancements in diagnostic techniques, early recognition of schistosomiasis-associated uveitis remains challenging, often hindered by the variability of symptoms and its similarity to other inflammatory eye diseases. Primary treatment involves the use of corticosteroids combined with antiparasitic agents, notably praziquantel. However, the effectiveness of additional therapies, such as immunosuppressants, remains controversial. It is concluded that there is an urgent need for standardized protocols for managing this condition in emergency settings, as well as further studies to explore specific interventions to improve patient outcomes.