Clinical epidemiological profile of patients with glaucoma: A comprehensive analysis

Abstract

Glaucoma, an important cause of global blindness, is characterized by increased intraocular pressure that can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. This study aims to analyze the clinical epidemiological profile of patients with glaucoma to improve prevention and treatment strategies. Using a literature review methodology, the study explores databases such as PubMed, MedlinePlus, SciELO and Google Scholar to collect data on epidemiology, demographics, risk factors and treatment trends. The analysis revealed that glaucoma is multifactorial, with variations such as open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma, and is often associated with comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. Risk factors include advanced age, heredity and ethnicity, with individuals of African descent showing a greater predisposition. In Brazil, the Southeast region, due to its population density and health infrastructure, shows the highest prevalence. The study highlights the importance of early diagnoses and interventions adapted to the demographic and risk profile of patients. It is concluded that public health policies aimed at early detection and adequate treatment are essential to mitigate disease progression and prevent vision loss, emphasizing the need for better access to ophthalmological care and systematic screening, especially in high-risk populations. risk.