O IMPACTO DA DIETA E DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO ALIMENTAR NO TRATAMENTO DO TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA.

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder that compromises the patient's cognitive function. Its etiology is still unknown, but studies suggest that its phenotype is influenced by interactions between genetics and the environment. The intestinal microbiome has been widely studied in relation to ASD, due to studies that suggest that it has a critical role in the function and regulation of several organic systems, from the intestine-brain axis. Although it is a new field of research, the use of microbial knowledge promises to offer a more integrated approach to understanding this disorder. The objective of the present study is to understand how dietary changes and supplements can impact and positively influence the treatment of patients with ASD, based on the functional understanding of the intestinal microbiota, the relationship between the intestine-brain axis and the physiological and functional understanding of ASD. . Analyzes of articles and guidelines published in the Scielo and Pubmed databases were carried out, with a total of 53 articles analyzed, considering how food plays an important role in the treatment of ASD, although the specific relationship between food and ASD is still being researched. Strong food selectivity was found influencing the gut microbiota associated with higher levels of intestinal permeability, increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are associated with harmful social communication and neurodevelopmental disorders. Gut-brain interaction influences vagal chemotherapy and mechanoreceptors in mucosal villi and systemic cortisol levels, leading to an exacerbation of gastrointestinal symptoms and the inflammatory state. Evidence suggests that certain aspects of the diet can influence the behavior and well-being of people with ASD, as can the use of certain dietary supplements. At the end of our literature review, we concluded that, although diet and dietary supplementation can play a role in treating ASD, it is important to recognize that these approaches are not a definitive cure and that results may vary from person to person.