Keywords
Screening
Risk Factors
How to Cite
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent neoplasms in Brazil and is associated with lifestyle factors, such as inadequate diet, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol consumption. Furthermore, the increase in incidence among young people and regional disparities in access to health services in the country are emerging concerns. This article aims to explore the pathophysiology of CRC, as well as screening, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, highlighting regional inequalities and the need for public policies that promote more equitable access to healthcare. Methodology: An integrative literature review was carried out in the SciELO and PubMed databases, focusing on articles published between 2016 and 2024. Seven articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Furthermore, the work *Sabiston Treatise on Surgery: The biological basis of modern surgical practice 19.ed.* was also consulted. Results: The results showed that lifestyle plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of CRC. Colonoscopy has been highlighted as the gold standard for screening, allowing early detection of premalignant lesions. However, adherence to screening is uneven in Brazil, being higher in the South and Southeast regions, which have better health resources, while the North and Northeast face access difficulties. The study also highlighted the role of hereditary syndromes, such as Lynch syndrome, in the etiology of CRC, in addition to the importance of accurate staging to determine appropriate treatment. Conclusion: Although CRC is a preventable and treatable disease, regional disparities in access to diagnosis and treatment reveal the urgent need for public policies that promote universal and equitable screening throughout Brazil. Additionally, it is suggested that screening guidelines be revised to include young populations at risk, considering the increased incidence among this group.
Keywords: Colonoscopy, Screening, Risk Factors.
References
CAMPOS, F. G. et al. A review to honor the historical contributions of Pauline Gross, Aldred Warthin, and Henry Lynch in the description and recognition of inheritance in colorectal cancer. Arquivos brasileiros de cirurgia digestiva [Brazilian archives of digestive surgery], v. 37, p. e1812, 2024. Acesso em 19 ago. 2024.
ERBES, L. A.; CASCO, V. H.; ADUR, J. Early stages of colorectal cancer characterization by autofluorescence 3d microscopy: A preliminary study. Arquivos de gastroenterologia, v. 61, 2024. Acesso em 19 ago. 2024.
HORVAT, N. et al. Restaging magnetic resonance imaging of the rectum after neoadjuvant therapy: a practical guide. Radiologia brasileira, v. 57, p. e20240004, 2024. Acesso em 19 ago. 2024
KOLLIGS, F. T. Diagnostics and epidemiology of colorectal cancer. Visceral medicine, v. 32, n. 3, p. 158–164, 2016. Acesso em 19 ago. 2024
MOURA, D. T. H. DE et al. Evaluation of quality indicators of screening colonoscopy performed in a private quarternary hospital in Brazil. Arquivos brasileiros de cirurgia digestiva [Brazilian archives of digestive surgery], v. 37, p. e1815, 2024. Acesso em 19 ago. 2024
PIÑERÚA-GONSÁLVEZ, J. F. et al. Early-onset colorectal cancer: An eleven-year analysis of clinicopathological characteristics at a tertiary healthcare center. Arquivos de gastroenterologia, v. 60, n. 3, p. 315–321, 2023. Acesso em 19 ago. 2024
TOWNSEND, C. et al. Sabiston Tratado de Cirurgia: A Base Biológica Da Prática Cirúrgica Moderna. 19. ed. [s.l.] Elsevier Editora Ltda, 2014.
TOLEDO, C. M. et al. Analysis of the tracking initiatives of colorectal cancer in Brazil. Arquivos de gastroenterologia, v. 60, n. 4, p. 450–462, 2023. Acesso em 19 ago. 2024
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Isla Kelly Alves de Andrade, Brunella Gobbi Bellotti, Cristiane Alves Barreto Pereira Dantas , Érica Geane Mendonça Ramos, Flávia Lopes Bandeira de Carvalho, Giovana Gabriele Alves Gomes , João Pedro Alves de Morais Assis, Laura Garcia Queiroz Ferreira, Lucas Cunha de Sousa, Maria Antônia Costa Junqueira, natalia.ataid@gmail.com, Walace Walace Silva Ataides