Neonatal Hypoglycemia: A literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal hypoglycemia (NH) is a common clinical condition in newborns where symptoms range from tremors and irritability to convulsions and lethargy. However, its early identification and management are significant clinical challenges in neonatology, as there is no established protocol for the adequate management of these conditions. The objective of the work aims to review and synthesize the most recent and relevant studies on neonatal hypoglycemia, including its diagnosis, treatment and short and long-term outcomes. Methodology: This is a literature review through the analysis of articles and guidelines that address the topic and objective of the study. The databases used were Scielo and Pubmed, using the descriptors “hypoglycemia” and “neonatal”. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles were separated for analysis. Results and Discussion: It was seen that the use of dextrose gel reduces the incidence of hypoglycemia and effectively improves glucose levels. The use of such substances is effective in momentary treatment, however, in the long term, no benefit of the substance to prevent complications of hypoglycemia has been identified. Furthermore, it was noticed that the use of MCG reduced the exposure of premature babies who needed intensive care to prolonged or severe episodes of hyper- or hypoglycemia. Conclusion: By studying the fundamental aspects of managing neonatal hypoglycemia, including diagnostic methods, therapeutic strategies and prognostic considerations, we can understand the challenges and evaluate the benefits of interventions when necessary, which can not only improve clinical outcomes, but also guide clinical practices. evidence-based strategies to mitigate the risks associated with this common condition in neonates.